自己总结的所有摄影相关笔记!
🍗 → Tip
💡 → Key term
⚠️ → Warning
Photography Foundations:
Shooting is about light
Light control
💡 One stop = half/double difference of light
🍗 Light can create contrast and reveal texture
Shutter speed
- Can blur moving object if longer than 1/60s
- Longer → brighter
- One stop = double/half shutter speed
Aperture
- Bigger number means smaller size(f/11 is smaller than f/4)
- Larger → brighter
- Common sizes with one stop difference
- 1.4
- 2
- 2.8
- 4
- 5.6
- 8
- 11
- 16
ISO
- Affects noise
- Larger → brighter & more noise
- One stop = double/half shutter speed
Depth of fields
⚠️ Fast lens may cause very low DoF when shooting close-up portraits
- Increase with smaller aperture
- Increase with smaller sensor
- Decrease when aperture is very small due to diffraction
- Very low DoF creates bokeh
SLR operation
🍗 Shoot in RAW
⚠️ Don’t put lenses cap in pocket
⚠️ LCD screen may not reflect actual image
Modes
Auto
Little control
P
A little more control
S
Shutter speed Priority
A
Aperture Priority
M
Manual(Light meter indicates whether under/over exposure)
Focal lengths(mm)
🍗 Optical stabilization > Digital stabilization
- 16-24 → Ultra wide
- 28-35 → Wide
- 50 → Normal
- 300 → Telephoto
- 600+ → Very telephoto
Exposure Bracketing
- Creates HDR(High dynamic range) picture
- Use larger gap when bracketing at night
Flash
- Fill the shadow obscuring details
- Fill the uneven exposure (e.g. wearing a hat)
Heuristics
- Sunny 16 rule(With ample light)
$$Aperture = F/16 \rightarrow Shutter\_speed = \frac{1}{ISO}$$
- Actual focal length
$$F_{Actual} = F_{Lenses} \times Crop\_Factor$$
- Actual F number
$$F_{Actual} = F_{Lenses} \times Crop\_Factor$$
- Handheld rule
$$Shutter\_speed > \frac 1 F$$
- Minutes before sunset(Fingers between the sun and horizon)
$$Fingers \times 7$$
Focus
🍗 Switch to MF to lock focus
- AF
- MF
Common filters
- UV
- Circular polarizer
- Infrared
- Starburst effect
Maintenance
- Don’t use bottled air, use air blower
- Pay attention to the connecting part
- Sensor cleaning
Techniques
⚠️ Never fear at acting like a lame photographer
Backlit
- Adjust metering mode when light is distributed unevenly
- Exposure compensation
- Fill flash
Black and white
⚠️ Black is always blacker when printed
💡 High-key = The tonal range consists mostly of lighter tones
💡 Low-key = The tonal range consists mostly of darker tones
Geometry
Whether subject is defined
Tone
Light and shadow
Contrast
Black needs to be true black
Composition
⚠️ What cannot fit in a scene is usually a subject-less background
🍗 Rule of three to create the feeling of repetition
🍗 Focus on the light that suits the subject instead of the subject
- Clearly defined subject and background
- Show Point of view
- Reveal hidden scene, patterns, etc.
- Sense of balance
- About seeing the details brain has omitted
- Degree of simplicity
Practice seeing
- Use peripheral vision to see subjects
- Misname things to force yourself to see
Portrait
🍗 Use building to cover light when in unbalanced light
🍗 Shoot in back light when in open space and low sunlight angle
- Less extra space above person
- More space towards the person’s attention
- Cut between joints
- Find interesting texture and bring subject in
- Use a little telephoto lens
Color
- Weight
- Simplicity
- Emotional quality
Guiding
- Lines
- Narrative
- Framing
- Tonal
- Physical
Noises
💡 Luminance noise = change of brightness from px to px
💡 Chromatic noise = change of color from px to px
💡 Stuck pixel noise = super bright points because of stuck pixel
- Balance noise and blur
- Keeps a min shutter speed even with high ISO